See penalize on Wiktionary
{
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"2": "penal",
"3": "-ize"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
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"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From penal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penalizing",
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "penalized",
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},
{
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
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}
],
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{
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "2014 December 3, Editorial Board, “Supreme Court should affirm the rights of pregnant workers”, in The Los Angeles Times:",
"text": "Women should not be penalized or forced out of the workplace simply because they become pregnant. UPS, in fact, has come around to that position. It now offers light-duty accommodations to pregnant women who need them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, James Emery White, Meet Generation Z:",
"text": "Ready for another term? Try vindictive protectiveness. In essence, in the name of emotional wellbeing, students can eliminate anything they do not want to think about, read about, or be challenged about. And penalize those who would expose them to it. How? In the name of \"offense\".",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 June 13, Valeriya Safronova, “The Fight to End ‘Cyberflashing’”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "But as Bumble’s head of public policy for the Americas, Mrs. Iheme, 43, has found a cause that synthesizes her past experiences, varied as they are. She is leading an effort across several states to pass legislation that penalizes “cyberflashing.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 September 14, Glenn Thrush, “U.S. Charges 3 Iranians in Broad Hacking Scheme”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "In a joint move with several U.S. agencies, the State Department announced that it was penalizing 10 Iranians, including the three men, along with two entities for “conducting malicious cyberacts, including ransomware activity,” according to a statement.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"id": "en-penalize-en-verb-GtmSABJN",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"infringement",
"infringement"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalitzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pénaliser"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karatʹsja zakonom",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "караться законом"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "en:Sports",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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{
"_dis": "37 63",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "46 54",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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{
"_dis": "45 55",
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{
"_dis": "23 77",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To impose a handicap on."
],
"id": "en-penalize-en-verb-sj-JPoi3",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"handicap",
"handicap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sports) To impose a handicap on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "penalizzare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakládyvatʹ štraf",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "накла́дывать штраф"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "infligir un castigo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-au-penalize.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg/En-au-penalize.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/En-au-penalize.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "penalise"
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
{
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"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "penalize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 22 64 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
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{
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{
"_dis": "85 15",
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}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-penalize-pt-verb-lhWdCf-Y",
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"present",
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"third-person"
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{
"word": "penalizar"
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"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-penalize-pt-verb-Pz-J3-rZ",
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
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"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷey-",
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"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
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"2": "penal",
"3": "-ize"
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From penal + -ize.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penalizes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "penalizing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
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},
{
"form": "penalized",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
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},
{
"form": "penalized",
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"past"
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}
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"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "penal"
},
{
"word": "penalization"
},
{
"word": "penalty"
}
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{
"ref": "2014 December 3, Editorial Board, “Supreme Court should affirm the rights of pregnant workers”, in The Los Angeles Times:",
"text": "Women should not be penalized or forced out of the workplace simply because they become pregnant. UPS, in fact, has come around to that position. It now offers light-duty accommodations to pregnant women who need them.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, James Emery White, Meet Generation Z:",
"text": "Ready for another term? Try vindictive protectiveness. In essence, in the name of emotional wellbeing, students can eliminate anything they do not want to think about, read about, or be challenged about. And penalize those who would expose them to it. How? In the name of \"offense\".",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 June 13, Valeriya Safronova, “The Fight to End ‘Cyberflashing’”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "But as Bumble’s head of public policy for the Americas, Mrs. Iheme, 43, has found a cause that synthesizes her past experiences, varied as they are. She is leading an effort across several states to pass legislation that penalizes “cyberflashing.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2022 September 14, Glenn Thrush, “U.S. Charges 3 Iranians in Broad Hacking Scheme”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "In a joint move with several U.S. agencies, the State Department announced that it was penalizing 10 Iranians, including the three men, along with two entities for “conducting malicious cyberacts, including ransomware activity,” according to a statement.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"penalty",
"penalty"
],
[
"infringement",
"infringement"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"To impose a handicap on."
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"handicap",
"handicap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, sports) To impose a handicap on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
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"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "penalise"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "patžel",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "պատժել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nakazvam",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "наказвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalitzar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pénaliser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "bestrafen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "megbüntet"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "pionósaigh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngahi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "ngawhi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "straffe"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "tanbih kardan",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "تنبیه کردن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakázyvatʹ",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "нака́зывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "karatʹsja zakonom",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "караться законом"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "penalizar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to subject to a penalty",
"word": "cezalandırmak"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tuganel",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "տուգանել"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "rangaista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "penalizzare"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "štrafovátʹ",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "штрафова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nakládyvatʹ štraf",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "накла́дывать штраф"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to impose a handicap on",
"word": "infligir un castigo"
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "penalize",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penalizar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of penalizar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"penalizar",
"penalizar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "penalize"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penalize meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.